Ocean trenches meaning1/18/2024 "We also found that this bacteria is really abundant at the bottom of the Mariana Trench." Similar microorganisms play a role in degrading oil spills in natural disasters such as BP's 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico." "So these types of microorganisms essentially eat compounds similar to those in oil and then use it for fuel. "Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are made of only hydrogen and carbon atoms, and they are found in many places, including crude oil and natural gas. We studied the samples that were brought back and identified a new group of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. ![]() One of these expeditions was organized and led by noted marine explorer and Academy Award-winning film director James Cameron, who built a specialised submersible to collect samples in the trench.ĭr Jonathan Todd, from UEA's School of Biological Sciences, said: "Our research team went down to collect samples of the microbial population at the deepest part of the Mariana Trench - some 11,000 metres down. To date, only a few expeditions have investigated the organisms inhabiting this ecosystem. "We know more about Mars than the deepest part of the ocean," said Prof Xiao-Hua Zhang of the Ocean University in China, who led the study. By comparison, Mount Everest is 8,848 metres high. The Mariana Trench is located in the Western Pacific Ocean and reaches a depth of approximately 11,000 metres. Other extensive trench regions around the world include the South Sandwich Trench between South America and Antarctica, the Peru-Chile Trench, and the Aleutian Trench.Together with researchers from the China and Russia, they undertook the most comprehensive analysis of microbial populations in the trench. In 1960, two men in the bathyscaph Trieste reached bottom of the Mariana Trench. ![]() ![]() Measured at 36,201 feet - over 6.8 miles (11 km) deep, this trench is the deepest known spot in any ocean. Near the island of Guam is the famous Mariana Trench where the Pacific Plate descends under the leading edge of the Eurasian Plate. The western Pacific has island arcism as do the Aleutian Islands. However, many of the ocean's volcanic islands and seamounts are found in what are called island arcs, bending chains of islands rising from the sea floor, usually paralleling the concave edges of an oceanic trench. Most volcanism associated with trenches occurs on the continent and not on the sea floor. Trenches are active with earthquakes and resulting tsunamis. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km 2/yr. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth ofġ1,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. They can be 1,500 miles (2,400 km) long, several miles deep, and as much as 70 miles (112 km) wide.Īt least five trenches are over 6 miles (10 km) deep. As the heavier plate descends, the long, narrow feature caused is called the "subduction zone." It is here that oceanic trenches form. Where one plate slides under another, this is called subduction. ![]() Ocean trenches are typically caused when an oceanic crustal plate slides under a lighter continental plate or another oceanic plate. Ocean trenches have relatively steep sides falling to the ocean floor. Oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges the lithosphere is subducted back into the asthenosphere at trenches The Peru- Chile trench.
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